# 03 - 证据与来源索引

本文件保存关键判断对应的证据来源。后续每次调研都应追加来源、日期和摘要。

## Gumroad

- 官方价格页：https://gumroad.com/pricing
- 关键点：无月费；直接销售 10% + $0.50；Discover marketplace 30%；支持数字产品、课程、会员等。
- 官方 payout 设置：https://gumroad.com/help/article/260-your-payout-settings-page.html
- 关键点：需要填写 payout 设置；bank payout 使用 Stripe 相关验证；PayPal payout 视国家和设置而定。

## Shopify

- 官方价格页：https://www.shopify.com/pricing
- 关键点：Basic 月付 $39，年付折算 $29/月。
- 中国收款说明：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/intro-to-shopify/initial-setup/sell-in-china/set_up_payments
- 关键点：中国大陆 Shopify Payments 不可用；第三方支付通常要求营业执照、法人证件、银行账户、网站 URL；第三方支付会叠加 Shopify 交易费。

## WooCommerce

- 官方价格页：https://woocommerce.com/pricing/
- 关键点：WooCommerce 本体免费，无收入分成；主机和插件另算。
- WooPayments 国家支持：https://woocommerce.com/document/woopayments/compatibility/countries/
- 关键点：WooPayments 支持国家列表不含中国大陆，业务注册国家是判断依据。

## Amazon

- 注册指南：https://sell.amazon.com/sell/registration-guide
- 关键点：个人也可注册，不一定需要 LLC；需政府 ID、地址证明、银行、信用卡、税务和产品信息。
- 费用：https://sell.amazon.com/pricing
- 关键点：Professional $39.99/月；referral fee 按品类变化。
- GTIN 指南：https://sell.amazon.com/blog/amazon-gtin-guide
- 关键点：多数商品需要 GTIN/UPC/ISBN/EAN/JAN，少数情况可申请豁免。

## eBay

- 费用页：https://www.ebay.com/sellercenter/selling/start-selling-on-ebay/seller-fees
- 关键点：每月 250 个免费 listing，超出后按 listing 收费；final value fee 按品类变化。
- 卖家注册/收款验证：https://www.ebay.com/help/selling/getting-paid/get-set-update-managed-payments-account?id=4792
- 关键点：eBay 会验证身份、payout 银行或借记卡，以及企业信息。
- Dropshipping 政策：https://www.ebay.com/help/policies/selling-policies/dropshipping?id=4176
- 关键点：批发商直发允许，零售平台转单不允许。

## Etsy

- 费用：https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/115014483627-What-are-the-Fees-and-Taxes-for-Selling-on-Etsy
- 关键点：listing $0.20；交易费 6.5%；Offsite Ads 12% 到 15%；支付和换汇另算。
- Payoneer 说明：https://help.etsy.com/hc/en-us/articles/16999319005207-How-Do-I-Use-a-Payoneer-Account-With-Etsy-Payments?segment=selling
- 关键点：中国新店目前不能开；已有中国店可通过 Payoneer 使用 Etsy Payments。
- 创意标准：https://www.etsy.com/legal/creativity/

## Walmart Marketplace

- 注册指南：https://marketplace.walmart.com/seller-registration-guide/
- 关键点：需要 Business Tax ID 或 Business License，业务地址证明，电商成功历史，GTIN/UPC GS1，合规 catalog，WFS 或美国 B2C 仓与退货能力。
- 2026 新卖家优惠/费用：https://marketplace.walmart.com/new-seller-savings-2026/
- 关键点：无 setup/monthly fee；referral fee 一般 6% 到 15%。

## TikTok Shop US

- 注册要求：https://ads.us.tiktok.com/help/article/requirements-to-register-as-a-seller-on-tiktok-shop?lang=en
- 关键点：必须居住所选店铺国家；美国店要求美国地址/身份/税号路径。
- Referral fees：https://seller-us.tiktok.com/university/essay?default_language=en&identity=1&is_new_connect=0&is_new_user=0&knowledge_id=5982454398175018
- 关键点：多数合格交易 referral fee 约 6%；退款管理费按 referral fee 计算。

## Temu

- Seller Center：https://seller.temu.com/
- 关键点：本地卖家注册免费；官方页面列出个人和企业资料要求，包括政府 ID、地址、EIN、企业注册地址等。
- 美国本地履约背景：https://www.cbsnews.com/news/temu-halts-shipments-to-us-from-china-de-minimis-tariff-exemption/
- 关键点：美国政策变化后，Temu 的美国履约模式出现本地化调整。

## SHEIN Marketplace

- Getting Started：https://seller-us.shein.com/get-started-shein-marketplace
- 关键点：公开页面列出最低年营收、美国本地运营、美国直发、公司文件、W-9/W-8BEN-E、商标证书、代表人证件等要求。
- Pricing & Categories：https://seller-us.shein.com/pricing-product-categories
- 关键点：Seller Hub、onboarding、advertising、seller success 等展示为 $0；referral fee 按类目固定费率。
- Marketplace Agreement：https://seller-us.shein.com/agreement

## 独立站支付与资质 - 2026-05-29

### Shopify

- 中国收款设置：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/intro-to-shopify/initial-setup/sell-in-china/set_up_payments
- Shopify Payments 支持国家：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/payments/shopify-payments/supported-countries
- 关键点：大陆 Shopify Payments 不可用；大陆商家通常使用第三方支付；第三方支付会叠加 Shopify 交易费。

### PayPal

- PayPal 中国入门：https://www.paypal.com/c2/webapps/mpp/get-started-with-paypal
- PayPal 中国商家费用：https://www.paypal.com/c2/webapps/mpp/merchant-fees
- PayPal Complete Payments in China：https://newsroom.paypal-corp.com/2024-09-26-PayPal-Introduces-PayPal-Complete-Payments-in-China
- 关键点：PayPal 中国商家路径值得第一轮预检，但需关注 KYC/KYB、提现、费用、争议和风控。

### Stripe

- 全球可用国家：https://stripe.com/global
- 香港业务要求：https://support.stripe.com/questions/requirements-for-hong-kong-based-businesses
- Stripe Atlas：https://stripe.com/atlas
- 关键点：Stripe 不直接支持中国大陆主体；香港/美国路径需要对应主体和验证资料。

### Merchant of Record

- Gumroad Pricing：https://gumroad.com/pricing
- Gumroad payout：https://gumroad.com/help/article/260-your-payout-settings-page
- Paddle Merchant of Record：https://www.paddle.com/merchant-of-record
- Paddle Pricing：https://www.paddle.com/pricing
- Lemon Squeezy Merchant of Record：https://www.lemonsqueezy.com/merchant-of-record
- Lemon Squeezy Pricing：https://www.lemonsqueezy.com/pricing
- 关键点：MoR checkout 更适合数字商品、软件、订阅和 micro SaaS 的早期验证。

### Payoneer / Airwallex

- Payoneer Checkout 中国：https://www.payoneer.com.cn/checkout/
- Airwallex 中国公司资料要求：https://help.airwallex.com/hc/en-gb/articles/900001756926-Documents-required-for-companies-in-China
- Airwallex Payments 产品访问：https://help.airwallex.com/hc/en-gb/articles/6578348128911-How-do-I-get-access-to-Payments-product
- 关键点：更偏成熟商家或需要企业资料，第一轮暂不作为默认入口。

## Airwallex / 香港公司修正 - 2026-05-29

- 香港公司资料要求：https://help.airwallex.com/hc/en-gb/articles/900001756946-Documents-required-for-companies-in-Hong-Kong-China
- Payments Overview：https://www.airwallex.com/docs/payments/overview
- 香港 Payments 页面：https://www.airwallex.com/hk/payments
- WooCommerce plugin：https://www.airwallex.com/docs/payments/online-payments/plugins/woocommerce
- Shopify payment methods help：https://help.airwallex.com/hc/en-gb/articles/4935762834575-Which-payment-methods-can-I-offer-on-my-Shopify-store-when-using-Airwallex-Online-Payments
- Shopify Payments 香港要求：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/payments/shopify-payments/supported-countries/hong-kong/requirements
- Shopify 中国商家香港实体说明：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/intro-to-shopify/initial-setup/sell-in-china/set_up_payments
- 关键点：已有 Airwallex 与香港公司显著降低独立站收款试验门槛，但仍需确认当前 Airwallex 账户是否覆盖电商目标品类和 Online Payments 能力。

## 支付方式与费率深挖 - 2026-05-29

### Airwallex

- Payments Overview：https://www.airwallex.com/docs/payments/overview
- HK Payments：https://www.airwallex.com/hk/payments
- HK Fee Schedule PDF：https://assets.ctfassets.net/e6wv1zvbwa49/6GxAPYBmOZmY5XTEKYE6HJ/ef2ef04dfbbff28fbb0b51d7d77e27ca/_2023.11.08__Airwallex_HK_-_Fee_Schedule.docx.pdf
- Payment Methods Overview：https://www.airwallex.com/docs/payments/payment-methods/payment-methods-overview
- 关键点：Airwallex 是当前第一优先聚合支付/PSP 路径，但真实商户费率、品类审核、reserve 和结算规则需要以后台或合同为准。

### Stripe / Shopify Payments HK

- Stripe HK Pricing：https://stripe.com/en-hk/pricing
- Stripe Payment Methods：https://stripe.com/payments/payment-methods
- Shopify Payments HK Rates：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/payments/shopify-payments/supported-countries/hong-kong/rates
- Shopify Payments HK Requirements：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/payments/shopify-payments/supported-countries/hong-kong/requirements
- 关键点：香港公司让 Stripe/Shopify Payments HK 成为可选项，但不应优先于已有 Airwallex 资产。

### PayPal / MoR

- PayPal China merchant fees：https://www.paypal.com/c2/webapps/mpp/merchant-fees
- PayPal Complete Payments China：https://newsroom.paypal-corp.com/2024-09-26-PayPal-Introduces-PayPal-Complete-Payments-in-China
- Paddle Pricing：https://www.paddle.com/pricing
- Paddle payment methods：https://www.paddle.com/help/start/intro-to-paddle/which-payment-methods-does-paddle-support
- Lemon Squeezy Pricing：https://www.lemonsqueezy.com/pricing
- Lemon Squeezy supported payment methods：https://docs.lemonsqueezy.com/help/getting-started/supported-payment-methods
- Gumroad Pricing：https://gumroad.com/pricing
- Gumroad buying guide：https://gumroad.com/help/article/191-a-guide-to-buying-on-gumroad
- 关键点：PayPal 适合备用和信任补充；MoR 适合数字商品/软件/订阅，不适合普通实物独立站作为长期主支付栈。

## 主体地区与资金回国成本 - 2026-05-29

- Airwallex pricing：https://www.airwallex.com/pricing
- Airwallex foreign currency fees：https://help.airwallex.com/hc/en-gb/articles/4407760528793-What-are-foreign-currency-fees-on-my-Airwallex-Online-Payments
- Stripe US pricing：https://stripe.com/us/pricing
- Stripe HK pricing：https://stripe.com/en-hk/pricing
- Shopify Payments HK requirements：https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/payments/shopify-payments/supported-countries/hong-kong/requirements
- Wise Business pricing：https://wise.com/us/pricing/business/
- Wise send money to China：https://wise.com/us/send-money/send-money-to-china
- SAFE 支持跨境电商外汇结算：https://english.www.gov.cn/statecouncil/ministries/202005/21/content_WS5ec5be05c6d00ca5f9a0876b.html
- SAFE 新型贸易外汇业务通知：https://www.safe.gov.cn/en/2020/0520/1700.html
- 关键点：主体地区会影响收单费率和资金路径。美国主体对美国本地卡可能费率更优，但会增加美国税务、银行、主体维护和回中国成本。香港公司 + Airwallex 更符合当前已有资产和第一轮实验。

## 国家/地区支付习惯数据地图 - 2026-05-29

- Federal Reserve 2024 Diary：https://www.frbservices.org/news/research/2024-findings-from-the-diary-of-consumer-payment-choice
- Atlanta Fed 2024 SDCPC：https://www.atlantafed.org/-/media/Project/Atlanta/FRBA/Documents/banking/consumer-payments/survey-diary-consumer-payment-choice/2024/sdcpc_2024_report.pdf
- ECB SPACE 2024：https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/ecb_surveys/space/html/ecb.space2024~19d46f0f17.en.html
- Bank of Canada MOP：https://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-notes-research-reports/methods-of-payment-survey/
- RBA Consumer Payments Survey：https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/2023/2023-08/full.html
- HKMA FPS：https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/news-and-media/insight/2024/03/20240327/
- Singapore DOS e-payment：https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/households/ssn225-prevalence-e-payment-2023.ashx
- PBOC Payment System Report 2024：https://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/3688247/3688978/3709143/2025080817520765198/2025040114593718714.pdf
- METI Japan cashless ratio：https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2025/0331_001.html
- India PIB UPI：https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2240723&lang=2&reg=3
- Brazil BCB Retail Payments：https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/pressdetail/2614/nota/https%3A/www3.bcb.gov.br/sgspub
- 关键点：美国第一轮应优先 Cards + Apple Pay + Google Pay，PayPal 备用；欧洲、亚洲、印度、巴西等本地支付方式进入第二阶段市场扩展。

## 2026-05-29 独立站支付接入商基准对比

证据类型：S/A 级公开信息。

- Shopify third-party providers: https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/payments/third-party-providers
- Shopify pricing: https://www.shopify.com/pricing
- WooCommerce payments: https://woocommerce.com/payments/
- BigCommerce payments: https://www.bigcommerce.com/payments/
- Airwallex payment methods overview: https://www.airwallex.com/docs/payments/payment-methods/payment-methods-overview
- Airwallex HK fee schedule PDF: https://assets.ctfassets.net/e6wv1zvbwa49/6GxAPYBmOZmY5XTEKYE6HJ/ef2ef04dfbbff28fbb0b51d7d77e27ca/_2023.11.08__Airwallex_HK_-_Fee_Schedule.docx.pdf
- Stripe HK pricing: https://stripe.com/en-hk/pricing
- Stripe US pricing: https://stripe.com/us/pricing
- PayPal Braintree fees: https://www.paypal.com/us/enterprise/paypal-braintree-fees
- PayPal merchant fees: https://www.paypal.com/us/business/paypal-business-fees
- Adyen pricing: https://www.adyen.com/pricing
- Checkout.com pricing: https://www.checkout.com/pricing
- Mollie pricing: https://www.mollie.com/gb/pricing?currency=USD
- Authorize.Net gateway-only pricing: https://www.authorize.net/en-gb/sign-up/gateway-only-pricing.html

沉淀结论：独立站 PSP 选择应以公司主体、平台、目标市场、支付习惯、风控和资金流共同约束，不应只按公开费率排序。当前 Airwallex 仍是主线，PayPal 是信任补充，Stripe HK 是备选，Adyen/Checkout.com/Mollie/Authorize.Net 暂不作为第一轮默认路径。

## 2026-05-29 美国公司设立与税务预检

证据类型：S 级官方信息。

- SBA Choose a business structure: https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/launch-your-business/choose-business-structure
- SBA Register your business: https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/launch-your-business/register-your-business
- SBA Get federal and state tax ID numbers: https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/launch-your-business/get-federal-state-tax-id-numbers
- IRS SS-4 / EIN instructions: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/iss4
- IRS Form 8832: https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-8832
- IRS Form 5472: https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-5472
- IRS Form 5472 instructions: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i5472
- IRS Nonresident aliens: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/nonresident-aliens
- IRS ECI: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/effectively-connected-income-eci
- IRS S corporations: https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/s-corporations
- IRS Publication 901: https://www.irs.gov/publications/p901
- FinCEN BOI: https://www.fincen.gov/boi
- Delaware LLC Certificate of Formation: https://corpfiles.delaware.gov/LLC_Forms/LLC%20Formation.pdf
- Delaware Franchise Taxes: https://revenue.delaware.gov/business-tax-forms/franchise-taxes/
- Wyoming company creation: https://soswy.state.wy.us/Business/docs/HowToCreateAWyomingCompany.pdf
- Wyoming LLC Articles: https://sos.wyo.gov/Forms/Business/LLC/LLC-ArticlesOrganization.pdf
- California FTB LLC: https://www.ftb.ca.gov/file/business/types/limited-liability-company/index.html
- California CDTFA Publication 77: https://cdtfa.ca.gov/formspubs/pub77/
- Streamlined Sales Tax state tables: https://www.streamlinedsalestax.org/state-tables
- CBP Importer Numbers: https://www.help.cbp.gov/s/article/Article-1066
- CBP Tips for New Importers and Exporters: https://www.cbp.gov/trade/basic-import-export/importer-exporter-tips
- FDA Importing FDA Regulated Products: https://www.fda.gov/industry/import-program-food-and-drug-administration-fda/importing-fda-regulated-products
- CPSC Business & Manufacturing: https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing
- Hong Kong IRD two-tiered profits tax FAQ: https://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/faq/2tr.htm
- Hong Kong territorial source principle: https://www.fstb.gov.hk/tb/en/business/general/prevailing-tax-policy.htm
- China Individual Income Tax Law: https://www.chinatax.gov.cn/eng/c102962/c102967/c102997/c103004/c5245849/content.html

沉淀结论：美国公司不是独立站第一单的默认前置条件。当前 HK 公司 + Airwallex 的边际成本更低；美国 LLC/C-Corp 应作为支付、银行、履约、进口、市场信任或融资需求明确后的条件触发分支。

## 2026-05-29 美国公司触发条件与实体选择

证据类型：S 级官方信息，沿用并细化美国公司设立与税务预检证据。

- IRS SS-4 / EIN instructions: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/iss4
- IRS Form 8832: https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-8832
- IRS Form 5472: https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-5472
- IRS Form 5472 instructions: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i5472
- IRS ECI: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/effectively-connected-income-eci
- IRS S corporations: https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/s-corporations
- IRS Publication 542: https://www.irs.gov/publications/p542
- SBA Choose a business structure: https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/launch-your-business/choose-business-structure
- Delaware How to Form: https://corp.delaware.gov/howtoform/
- Wyoming company creation: https://soswy.state.wy.us/Business/docs/HowToCreateAWyomingCompany.pdf
- California FTB LLC: https://www.ftb.ca.gov/file/business/types/limited-liability-company/index.html
- Streamlined Sales Tax state tables: https://www.streamlinedsalestax.org/state-tables
- CBP Form 5106: https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/cbp-form-5106
- FDA Importing FDA Regulated Products: https://www.fda.gov/industry/import-program-food-and-drug-administration-fda/importing-fda-regulated-products
- CPSC Business & Manufacturing: https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing

沉淀结论：美国公司是否设立，应由具体瓶颈触发，而不是由“卖到美国”这个事实触发。

## 2026-05-29 营业额梯度触发权重模型

证据类型：S 级官方规则 + 内部启发式模型。

- IRS Form 5472 instructions: https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i5472
- IRS Effectively Connected Income: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/effectively-connected-income-eci
- Streamlined Sales Tax state tables: https://www.streamlinedsalestax.org/state-tables
- California CDTFA Publication 77: https://cdtfa.ca.gov/formspubs/pub77/
- CBP Form 5106: https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/cbp-form-5106
- FDA Importing FDA Regulated Products: https://www.fda.gov/industry/import-program-food-and-drug-administration-fda/importing-fda-regulated-products
- CPSC Business & Manufacturing: https://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing

沉淀结论：官方不会给出“多少营业额开美国公司”的统一规则。本项目用营业额压力 + 具体瓶颈的加权模型辅助决策。

## 2026-05-29 研究共享工具证据

证据类型：官方帮助文档。

- Notion sharing and permissions: https://www.notion.com/en-gb/help/sharing-and-permissions
- Notion import data: https://www.notion.com/help/import-data-into-notion
- NotebookLM public notebooks: https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16322204
- NotebookLM add sources: https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16215270

沉淀结论：Notion 适合共享门户和权限协作，NotebookLM 适合资料问答和学习消化，本地 Markdown/HTML 继续作为源仓库。